Easy way to test for focus shift

Well, sometimes it would be interesting to know if there is focus shift for a certain lens. I usually take parts of my calipher and shoot it in VIS and UV and look at the differential. If you don't have something the like handy, a bank note seems to also work well...

This here proves that the well known Noflexar 35mm has hardly any focus shift.

VIS, UV, VIS-UV shot of a 10 EURO bank note at an about 30 degree angle.

[click on image to see a larger one]



Here now an example of a 35mm lens which is quite capable in terms of UV transmission, but shows quite some focus shift:





Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

BBC Science Interview on Bees and their UV Vision

Interesting interview of BBC Sciene & Environment on bees and their ability to see UV.
The cover photo has been done by me for a previous publication with my colleague Prof. Lars Chittka.

Also FReD - the Floral Reflectance Datase is being mentioned. It allows researchers to analyse flowers and their reflectance found in different locations of the world. 

Example:





(c) FReD

Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

Ultraslim helicoid allows infinity focus

This is about an ultra-slim, deeply recessed helicoid, which solves the problem of allowing further away focus with some lenses (mostly enlarger lenses) suitable for UV photography. I have developed a working prototype now. [If you need to find out how to determine the length of such a helicoid, please read that first]

It allows lenses up to about 50mm diameter to be deeply seated into that mount (including that later plastic EL-Nikkors if not thicker than 50mm!) and if their rear lens element is not thicker than 38mm in diameter. Some lenses may not clear the mirror, that has not been fully tested out yet (and I don't have all possible lenses to do so).

The effective thickness flange-to-flange (= optical path length) of that helicoid is 5.4mm (minimum extension) resp. 10.3mm (maximum extension) now.

The achievable VIS focus ranges are (subject to change), sensor-to-object (not front of lens!):
1) EL-Nikkor 3.5/63mm: 90cm to infinity
2) EL-Nikkor 2.8/50mm: ca. 32cm - 50cm
3) EL-Nikkor 4/40mm: ca. 25cm - 30cm
4) UV-Rodagon 5.6/60mm: 65cm - infinity
5) UV-Planar 4/60mm: 40cm - 60cm
6) Micro-Nikkor 5/70mm: 120cm - infinity
7) Focotar 4.5/50mm: 33cm - 45cm
8) ... more to follow ...

Infinity focus cannot be adjusted exactly to infinity for all lenses, some go beyond, some do not reach infinity at all, depending on lens design and esp. focal length.

minimum extension:


maximum extension:

Just to make things clear: closer focus is always possible using suitable normal helicoids or extension tubes. That was not the issue here. It was about getting such lenses as close as possible to the camera sensor to allow for further away or even infinity focus!

Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

[UV, FL] Roman Artifacts paint / glaze visibility

A study conducted for a friend using some excavated roman artifacts. The idea was to see, if deteriorated paint/lead glacing could be made visible after thousands of years, using these new high powered Nichia 4 dice UV LEDs (365nm + 385nm).

[click on image to see a larger one]

1) Visible light shot: 


2) FL (385nm Nichia UV LED induced visible fluorescence): 


3) FL (365nm Nichia UV LED induced visible fluorescence): 


4) differential 1 - 2 


5) differential 1 - 3 


Interestingly enough, the induced fluorescence was quite different, although the LED emissions are just 20nm apart. A comparison was done to see, if a nearly monochromatic excitation using UV LEDs would provide a different result than a wide band filtered Xenon lamp (300-400nm) excitation, which was not the case (not shown here). 

Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

[UV] A surprising lens without UV focus shift II

Here a few more tests using Sanvitalia procumbens as a target and these surprising lenses showing no / hardly any focus shift for reflected UV photography.

[click on image to see a larger one]

35mm lens, no focus shift 

visible light shot: 


UV shot (using Baader U-filter and Xenon flash): 

Here tests shots from the same lens maker, but f=85mm with some 0.5mm focus shift:

visible light shot: 



UV shot (using Baader U-filter and Xenon flash): 


There seems to be a family of these lenses having high UV transmission, I have identified three by now, but only one has nearly no focus shift. Have a look at the high UV transmissions these lenses have:

pink: Noflexar 35mm lens, magenta: that newly found 35mm lens:



and here the group of these three newly identified lenses: 



Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

Aster hybride meets Noflexar 35mm lens

Today few shots of an Aster hybride using the Noflexar 3.5/35mm lens and various filters.
No noticeable patterns, as expected though.

[click on image to see a larger one]

visible light shot: 


UV shot (using Baader U-filter and Xenon flash): 


Butterfly vision shot (using my XBV2 filter): 


UV induced visible flourescence shot (using Baader UV/IR Cut filter and Nichia 365nm UV light): 


As boring as it might look like, this now is quite interesting (to me) as it shows UV induced IR fluorescence. Lights were all Nichia UV LED sources I could get hold of (to make sure not a bit of IR would be present), a B+W 092 cut filter (>65nm) in front of the lens and 30sec exposure in total darkness:
 


With the naked (but UV protected!!) eye quite a bit deep red fluorescence gets visible, but hard to ban that on a photo....

Same experiment but using a dark orange filter and same UV lighting setup in darkness (Nichia 4x 365nm LED using a front attached Baader U-filter to block any visible light!):



I have now found a reliable method to professionally infinity convert Noflexar 35mm lenses to Nikon mount - ask me if you need one!

Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

Bidens meets UV-Planar 4/60mm

Some Bidens ferulifolia shots today using the famous UV-Planar 4/60mm lens and my proprietary XBV2 butterfly vision mapping filter.

[click on image to see a larger one]

visible light shot: 


butterfly vision shot (simulated, using XBV2 filter): 

That last image has the ultaviolet image a butterfly (and bee) is able to see, mapped into our human image (blue, green, red) as blue so as to simulate the tetrachromatic butterfly vision.

Here another respresentation showing that side-a-side: 

I'm still amazed about what nature has developed to attract butterflies (and bees) attention!

Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

Calibration of a lens for correct UV focus (focus shift)

I have been asked a lot how to overcome that focus-shift issue when taking reflected UV shots with a non-color corrected "normal" lens (but having useful UV transmission of course...)

Well, make a blue UV mark like that usually to find red IR mark on your lens and find the right position by refocusing your lens for sharp UV focus. Best works for me to shoot with that lens from a tripod to a meter scale on the ground. The magnified display sometimes is enough to find that point of max. sharpness, but actually processing the images gives a much higher precision.

The coarse first step... 

I take a visual reference shot at position 0 and then UV shots at 0, 4, 8, 11, 16 and find out which one gets closest to the visual reference shot.

The numbers indicate how much I had to turn focus towards the DOF aperture markings on my lens under test (sometimes in the direction of the IR mark, in very rare cases in the opposite direction)

[DOF scale (c) fineart-photography.com]

Now just select the sharpest focus point and you're about done. Repeat for various focusing distances - it may not be the same result. I found that blue UV mark for that lens was around the 11 marking. (And before someone asks, if there are no such markings - make some.)  

Now the fine second step...

Usually I overlay the visible and the UV image to see the actual focus difference and to see if my solution was correct or if still more adjustment is needed. It is an iterative, time consuming process actually, as it has to be done for different distances, so some patience is needed. 

during adjustment, still 1mm to go: 


after correct adjustment: 



And that was the precise result (top:VIS, middle:UV, bottom VIS overlayed w. UV; focus point was at 12.5mm) 


So the blue UV mark ended somewhere between the 11 and 16 marking for that specific lens.

And here now some real results using that lens, now correctly calibrated for UV:

VIS: 


UV: 


VIS: 


UV: 



Same method applied to a 4/200mm Nikon lens, left VIS, right after UV calibration: [in that case the blue UV mark had to be way off the IR mark...]

infinity: 


medium distance: 


close distance: 

That later lens works best in UV at short to medium distances, but not really that impressive at infinity, caused by its lens design.

Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

Gentiana 3D stereo, human vs butterfly vision II

Here another presentation of a Gentiana flower, in stereo for crossed eye viewing.

[click on image to see a larger one]


Differential human to butterfly vision (using a different color scheme):


Human vision:



Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

[UV] Gazania Experiments

Some Gazania experiments today, shot using a Zeiss UV-Planar 4/60mm. 

visible light shot:



visible + ultraviolet light shot:



well, just eye candy I thought, but then that brownish pattern which lit up so much in UV started to first fascinate me, then made me think about it....

Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

[UV] A surprising lens without UV focus shift

Well, I am studying lenses since quite some time and was researching the history of some, when I noticed the same reflection pattern (which is a hint for the lens design) in an previously overlooked lens I have...

Well, I tested it good for 330nm in my spectrometer and in theory it should have no focus shift (or just a tad)...

So best is always to try it out, so here some first tests!

[click on image to see a larger one]

VIS: 


UV (Baader U-filter, 310-390nm):


Long story short - it has hardly any visible focus shift!

Look at these mites and  fine webs!! Pretty fine resolution it has.

More about it later ... and sssshhhh, that lens is a secret until then ;)


Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

Cover Photo October Issue Journal of Zoology

The new October Issue of the Journal of Zoology is out now. The cover photo is mine, as I am also a co-author of the paper: "Effects of aposematic coloration on predation risk in bumblebees? A comparison between differently coloured populations, with consideration of the ultraviolet" by R. J. Stelzer, N. E. Raine, K. D. Schmitt, L. Chittka

[click on image to see a larger one]

(reproduced with permission from the Zoological Society of London)

Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

Nichia UV LED torches for fluorescence photography

Well, since we're at it, let's have a look at UV induced visible fluorescence and how these UV LED torches perform there as compared to a Xenon flash.

Test done under identical conditions, ISO400, f5.6, 41mm quartz fluorite lens, except a Baader UV/IR blocking filter in front of the lens, ISO400, 15sec exposure.

[click on image to see a larger one]

1) UV Led 390nm, Baader U-filtered ´


2) UV Led Nichia 365nm P6, no cut filter in front of taking lens 


3) UV Led Nichia 365nm P6, baader U-filtered, no cut filter in front of taking lens 


4) UV Led Nichia 365nm P6, Baader U-filtered, Baader cut filter in front of taking lens 


5) Xenon UV enhanced studio flash@400Ws filtered through Schott UG1, 3 shots, Baader cut filter in front of taking lens 


Here the Nichia really excells, since both the 390nm and 405 turned out to be of no use, since there is way too much visible light content (>400nm) in the output to be useful for stimulating visible fluorescence (the visible light content of the UV LED actually overlays the fluorescence, thus spoils the result). If the 390nm UV LED is filtered through a Baader U-filter, there is not enough UV left to stimulate fluorescence (#1)

#2 shows the result of using the Nichia LED w/o cut filter in front of the taking lens nor was the beam filtered. The little but noticeable visible light content of the LED beam plus the reflected UV both spoil the result.

#3 is an interesting result as the Nichia beam was Baader-U filtered and it even shows red and NIR stimulated chlorophyllum fluorescence (>650nm) as well as visible fluorescence. There might also be a reflected UV content, but that cannot be determined.

#4 shows the result of Nichia UV stimulated pure visible fluorescence (400-650nm), this is the result desired.

#5 shows the comparison shot if a Xenon flash is used to stimulated visible fluorescence. Since quite some UV is needed for that, three flashes had to be fired within 15sec open shutter. There is IR leakage from the Xenon flash, so this shows the advantage of the Nichia UV LED for stimulating visible fluorescence.


Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos

UV Led or Xenon flash for reflected UV photography?

I have been asked a few times, which strong UV source I would recommend for reflected UV photography. Well, since UV LEDs are getting more and more common now, even the Nichia 365nm NSCU033A is now availble as a torch, here a test which might be helpful.

Test done under identical conditions, ISO400, f5.6, 41mm quartz fluorite lens.

[click on image to see a larger one]

1) Xenon UV enhanced studio flash @400Ws, 1/160sec: 


2) 3x UV LED torches (365nm, 390nm, 405nm), 15 sec painting with light: 


3) Nichia 365nm NCSU033A P6 torch, 15 sec painting with light: 


4) "Spiderfire" 390nm UV Led torch, 15 sec painting with light: 


5) "Ultrafire" 405nm UV Led torch, 15 sec painting with light: 


I tried to get as close as possible to the Xenon result, as that one covers the Baader U-filter bandpass 310-390nm the best, due to its even spectral distribution. In #2 I tried to simulate that by using three UV Leds in parallel (a bit hard to handle and evenly target, three torches in one hand).

No wonder actually, that the 405nm UV Led torch does not bring out the UV pattern as well as the others. The 390nm works acceptably well, although parts of its energy is being cut off by the filter already and the 365nm Nichia does pretty well considering, but the result looks rather monochromatic.

So there is nothing better than Xenon (or sunlight of course), but the 365nm or 390nm comes quite close, but at much longer exposure times. And I have not even talked about the prices of these torches...

A practical aspect:

UV torches are very easy to use, can easily be hotshoe mounted but need rel. long exposure times, so not suited for moving objects or if wind is present where shorter exposure times would benficial. For inside or studio work, they are easy to use and tehlonger exposure times can be even helpful if painting with light is desired.

Xenon flashes are bulky and heavy, need to be modified for suitable UV output (partly removal of the UV blocking gold layer on the Xenon tube, removal of UV blocking Fresnel platic front covers etc.). Candidates being Nikon SB-14, Metz 45CT series (high voltage trigger, safesync needed), Vivitar 283 (some have high voltage trigger, safesync needed, check with multimeter), Vivitar 285HV (have safe trigger voltage around 8Volts). Advantage is the high UV content, but downside is that painting with light is not possible, but choosing longer exposure times and firing multiple flashes is. Xenon flashes have a high IR content, so in some cases a suppressing IR filter (but UV transmissive) might be needed in front of the Xenon flash (such as Schott BG38 or 39 or 40, 40 works best). For inside or studio work, Xenon is still the best source to use IMHO, as it allows UV, VIS and IR as well as multispectral work, since the Xenon spectrum is very wide and even. There is even an expensive Quantum flash for UV, which also allows to mount filters into the reflector front (QF80). No mod. is needed for that one (and the very rare Nikon SB-140 btw. which sometimes comes up on the used market as it is no longer made), but it comes at a steep price.


Stay tuned, more will follow on that fascinating subject...

More info on this very interesting field may be found on my site http://www.pbase.com/kds315/uv_photos